Search results for "Sodium salt"

showing 10 items of 12 documents

Taste perception and its effects on oral nutritional supplements in younger life phases.

2018

Purpose of review The current review summarizes the importance of taste perception with regard to acceptance of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in young children. We also shed light on how basic tastes may influence the orosensory detection of ONS in the light of genetic variations, encoding for different taste modalities, particularly for sweet and bitter (and fat), in children. Recent findings Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of bitter and sweet taste receptor genes, that is, respectively, TAS2R38 and T1R2/T1R3, may influence orosensory perception of ‘bitter-made-sweet’ ONS. The SNP of fat taste receptor gene, that is, CD36, might communicate with bitter taste perception. The emerg…

0301 basic medicineTastePediatric ObesityAdolescentGenotypemedia_common.quotation_subjectPopulationMedicine (miscellaneous)PhysiologyPolymorphism Single NucleotideReceptors G-Protein-Coupled03 medical and health sciencesFood Preferencesstomatognathic systemTaste receptorPerceptionmedicineHumanseducationChildmedia_commoneducation.field_of_study030109 nutrition & dieteticsNutrition and Dieteticsbusiness.industryInfant Newbornfood and beveragesInfantTaste Perceptionmedicine.diseaseObesityDietary FatsSodium salt030104 developmental biologyTAS2R38Child PreschoolTasteDietary SupplementsTaste aversionNutrition Therapybusinesspsychological phenomena and processesCurrent opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
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Cross-modal interactions as a strategy to enhance salty taste and to maintain liking of low-salt food: a review.

2019

Salt reduction in foods is becoming an important challenge to preserve population health from severe diseases as recommended by different health agencies worldwide. Among the reduction strategies already evaluated in order to lower sodium salt content in foods, the use of cross-modal interactions between taste and odour, regardless of saltiness, was revealed to be a very promising method to improve saltiness perception. Cross-modal odour-taste interaction, as means to enhance salty taste in foods, is reviewed. Salt-related odours can enhance salty taste in water solutions containing a low level of sodium chloride through odour-induced changes in taste perception. Odour-induced saltiness per…

0301 basic medicinelikingTastegenetic structuresmedia_common.quotation_subjectperceptionSodium Chloridesaltiness03 medical and health sciencesFood PreferencesPerceptionLow saltHumansFood scienceAromamedia_common030109 nutrition & dieteticsbiologydairy productsChemistrySalt reductionfood and beveragesTaste PerceptionGeneral Medicinebiology.organism_classificationflavourSodium salt[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry030104 developmental biologyFood systemscross-modal interactionsSalty taste[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutritionpsychological phenomena and processesFood ScienceFoodfunction
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Nucleophilic additions of sodium alkoxides to 4,4-dichloro-1,1-diphenyl- 2-azabuta-1,3-diene

2000

The reaction of some sodium alkoxides with 4,4-dichloro-1,1-diphenyl-2-azabuta-1,3-diene is described. Whereas sodium methoxide, ethoxide or isopropoxide leads to 1,3-bis(alkoxy)- and/or 1,3,4-tris(alkoxy)-2-azabut-2-enes, the sodium salt of ethyl glycolate gives a Δ2-oxazoline. Mechanisms for the formation of these products are proposed.

10120 Department of ChemistryDieneSodiumOrganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementMedicinal chemistrySodium methoxideSodium saltchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryNucleophile540 ChemistryAlkoxy groupOrganic chemistryPhysical and Theoretical Chemistry1606 Physical and Theoretical Chemistry1605 Organic Chemistry
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Levels of GHB in hair after regular application.

2021

Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a central nervous system depressant that is an approved drug for the treatment of narcolepsy with cataplexy and other syndromes. Due to its dose dependent stimulating, relaxing or sedative effects, illicit abuses include recreational use by young people and cases of drug-facilitated crime (DFC). Since GHB is also produced endogenously, for forensic questions, it is important to be able to differentiate between endogenous GHB and elevated levels due to additional intake. In this study, we measured GHB concentrations in hair of patients with narcolepsy receiving daily GHB treatment. The results were compared to endogenous concentrations and concentrations after …

AdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentSodium OxybateDose dependenceRecreational use01 natural sciencesPathology and Forensic Medicine03 medical and health sciencesYoung Adult0302 clinical medicineTandem Mass SpectrometryInternal medicineMedicineHumans030216 legal & forensic medicineNarcolepsySleep disorderbusiness.industry010401 analytical chemistryCentral Nervous System DepressantsGamma hydroxybutyratemedicine.disease0104 chemical sciencesSodium saltEndocrinologySedative EffectsFemalebusinessSodium OxybateLawNarcolepsyChromatography LiquidHairForensic science international
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4-dimethylamino-3′,4′-dimethoxychalcone downregulates iNOS expression and exerts anti-inflammatory effects

2001

Abstract Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species contribute to the pathophysiology of inflammatory conditions. We have studied the effects of a novel superoxide scavenger, 4-dimethylamino-3′,4′-dimethoxychalcone (CH11) in macrophages and in vivo. CH11 has been shown to inhibit the chemiluminescence induced by zymosan in mouse peritoneal macrophages and the cytotoxic effects of superoxide. In the same cells, the modulation by superoxide of nitric oxide (NO) production in response to zymosan was investigated. CH11 was more effective than the membrane-permeable scavenger Tiron for inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression and nitrite production. We have shown that CH…

Anti-Inflammatory AgentsNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIPharmacologyCarrageenanNitric OxideBiochemistryGene Expression Regulation EnzymologicNitric oxideMicechemistry.chemical_compoundChalconeChalconesSuperoxidesIn vivoPhysiology (medical)AnimalsEdemaEnzyme InhibitorsRespiratory BurstInflammationTironbiologySuperoxideZymosanZymosanFree Radical ScavengersNitric oxide synthaseOxidative StresschemistryBiochemistryEicosanoidLuminescent Measurements12-Dihydroxybenzene-35-Disulfonic Acid Disodium SaltMacrophages Peritonealbiology.proteinFemaleTumor necrosis factor alphaNitric Oxide SynthaseFree Radical Biology and Medicine
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A new Co(II) coordination solid with mixed oxygen, carboxylate, pyridine and thiolate donors exhibiting canted antiferromagnetism with TC ≈ K

2006

Reaction of Co(II) chloride with the sodium salt of 2-mercaptonicotinic acid in water at 200 ºC results in the formation of Co4(2-mna)4(H2O), which orders as a canted antiferromagnet at 68 K. Gomez Garcia, Carlos Jose, Carlos.Gomez@uv.es

CoOxygenMercaptonicotinic acidCo ; Oxygen ; Carboxylate ; Pyridine ; Sodium salt ; Mercaptonicotinic acid ; AntiferromagnetPyridineUNESCO::QUÍMICACarboxylateSodium salt:QUÍMICA::Química macromolecular [UNESCO]UNESCO::QUÍMICA::Química macromolecularAntiferromagnet:QUÍMICA [UNESCO]
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A new Co(ii) coordination solid with mixed oxygen, carboxylate, pyridine and thiolate donors exhibiting canted antiferromagnetism with TC≈ 68 K

2006

Reaction of Co(II) chloride with the sodium salt of 2-mercaptonicotinic acid in water at 200 degrees C results in the formation of Co4(2-mna)4(H2O), which orders as a canted antiferromagnet at 68 K.

Inorganic chemistryMetals and Alloyschemistry.chemical_elementGeneral ChemistryChlorideOxygenCatalysisSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsSodium saltchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryPyridinePolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryCeramics and CompositesmedicineAntiferromagnetismCarboxylatemedicine.drugChemical Communications
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The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin improves the primary diabetic complications in ZDF rats

2017

Hyperglycemia associated with inflammation and oxidative stress is a major cause of vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Recent data reports that a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), empagliflozin (Jardiance®), ameliorates glucotoxicity via excretion of excess glucose in urine (glucosuria) and significantly improves cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The overarching hypothesis is that hyperglycemia and glucotoxicity are upstream of all other complications seen in diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of empagliflozin on glucotoxicity, β-cell function, inflammation, oxidative stress and endothel…

Male0301 basic medicineendocrine system diseasesDiabetic CardiomyopathiesFPS-ZM1 RAGE inhibitorClinical BiochemistryAorta ThoracicRAGE receptor for AGEICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule-1ECL enhanced chemiluminescence030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyDPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4medicine.disease_causeTNF-α tumor necrosis factor-αBiochemistryeNOS endothelial •NO synthase (type 3)0302 clinical medicineGlucosidesecSOD extracellular superoxide dismutaseInsulin-Secreting CellsCCL-2 see MCP-1HyperlipidemiaHyperinsulinemiaGTN glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin)IFN-γ interferon-γDHE dihydroethidineEndothelial dysfunctionEndothelial dysfunctionIL-6 interleukin-6lcsh:QH301-705.5HO-1 heme oxygenase-1lcsh:R5-920ICAM-1NG normoglycemiaDiabetesNox catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidaseSGLT2 inhibitorβ-cell contentL-012 8-amino-5-chloro-7-phenylpyrido[34-d]pyridazine-14-(2H3H)dione sodium saltChIP chromatin immunoprecipitationC-Reactive ProteinCRP C-reactive proteinAGE advanced glycation end productsHbA1c glycohemoglobinlcsh:Medicine (General)Research PaperZucker diabetic fatty ratsmedicine.medical_specialtyDMSO dimethylsulfoxideMCP-1 monocyte-chemoattractant-protein-1qRT-PCR quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactionZDF Zucker diabetic fatty (rat)Low-grade inflammation03 medical and health sciencesROS reactive oxygen speciesSodium-Glucose Transporter 2Physiology (medical)Internal medicineDiabetes mellitusPKC protein kinase CEmpagliflozinmedicineAnimalsHypoglycemic AgentsBenzhydryl CompoundsCOX2 cyclooxygenase-2SGLT2i SGLT2 inhibitorSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsGlycated HemoglobinACh acetylcholinebusiness.industryOrganic Chemistrynutritional and metabolic diseasesType 2 Diabetes Mellitusmedicine.diseaseH2K9me2 histone3 lysine9 dimethylationRatsRats ZuckerDHFR dihydrofolate reductaseSGLT2 sodium-glucose co-transporter-2Oxidative StresssGC soluable guanylyl cyclaseGlucose030104 developmental biologyEndocrinologylcsh:Biology (General)ALDH-2 mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenaseEndothelium VascularAGE/RAGE signalingHG hyperglycemiabusinessOxidative stressRedox Biology
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Spectra of Positrons Lifetimes in Choose Gel Drugs

2006

antiphlogistic drugs were investigated. The basic components in them were sodium salts of diclophenac and they difiered from one another with the chemical composition of other components. It was found that in all of the investigated spectra there occurred a component which testifled to the formation of positronium. The difierences in the values of ortho-Ps component lifetimes and their intensity can be attributed to the presence of ingredients modifying the efiects of the drug.

PositronChemistryComponent (thermodynamics)Inorganic chemistryGeneral Physics and AstronomyChemical compositionDiclophenacSpectral linePositroniumSodium saltActa Physica Polonica A
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Über katalytische einflüsse bei der polykondensation des p-kresoldialkohols

1952

Wird natriumfreier p-Kresoldialkohol in Silber- oder Platingeraten bei 130°C kondensiert, so ist durch den Geruch kein Formaldehyd wahrnehmbar. p-Kresoldialkohol enthalt oft von seiner Darstellung uber das Natriumsalz her geringe Mengen an Natrium, dessen Anteil im Bereich von 0,0 bis 5,00/00 liegt (0,000 bis 0,037 Mol Natrium je Mol Phenolalkohol). Die bei der Hartung des p-Kresoldialkohols in Platin- oder Silbergeraten beobachteten Gewichtsverluste und die Formaldehydabspaltung sind umso hoher, je groser der Natriumgehalt ist. Natriumfreier p-Kresoldialkohol in Gefasen aus Jenaer Gerateglas 20 und aus gewohnlichem Glas gehartet zeigt in Ubereinstimmung mit der Abgabefahigkeit an Alkali de…

chemistry.chemical_compoundChemistrySodiumPolymer chemistryFormaldehydechemistry.chemical_elementPhenolAlkali metalSodium saltDie Makromolekulare Chemie
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